The working principle of ceramic heating elements is as follows:

1.Resistance heating: The interior contains resistive materials, such as metal oxides, etc. When an electric current passes through, according to Joule's law, the electric current does work on the resistance, and the electrical energy is converted into heat energy, causing the element to heat up.
2.Heat conduction and heat radiation
Heat conduction: Ceramics have thermal conductivity. The internal heat is conducted through lattice vibrations, making the temperature of the element uniform. It also conducts heat to the heated objects in contact.
Heat radiation: After the temperature of the element rises, according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, it will radiate heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, achieving heating of the surrounding objects.
3.Temperature control: A temperature control system is often equipped. Temperature sensors such as thermocouples or thermistors are used to monitor the temperature. The temperature signal is converted into an electrical signal and fed back to the controller. The controller compares the set temperature with the actual temperature and adjusts the input current or voltage to control the heating power, achieving precise temperature control.

Specifications:

Applications:
1.Industry: In the chemical industry, it is used for raw material heating and temperature control of reaction kettles. For example, in petrochemicals, it preheats crude oil, and in organic synthesis, it controls the temperature. In electronics manufacturing, it is applied to circuit board soldering and component aging tests. In metal processing, it preheats billets and conducts heat treatment.
2.Home Appliances: In kitchen appliances, electric ovens use it to heat up quickly and evenly cook food, and rice cookers rely on it to precisely control the temperature for cooking rice. In heating equipment, ceramic heaters and electric heaters use it to heat up rapidly and provide a safe heating environment.
3.Medical Field: In medical equipment, cell incubators rely on it for temperature control, and medical imaging equipment uses it to maintain the internal temperature stability. In rehabilitation physiotherapy, some hot compress physiotherapy devices use it to generate gentle heat.